...or Natural?
An image of Congdon Park from Duluth, a 1916 promotional booklet featuring the city's parks alongside its industries, infrastructure and other resources. This Minnesota park was created specifically because of its natural beauty and needed little enhancement. In this case, huge boulders were placed to serve as stepping stones across the creek. Courtesy of the Duluth Public Library via Minnesota Digital Library.
Towns in the Midwest and on the frontier in the late 1800s benefitted from being aware of the discussions of the value and benefits of public parks, and the example of Central Park, before their cities had yet grown too large. Those with forward-thinking planners were sometimes able to preserve areas of natural beauty for the public good. It was a balancing game of having enough of a population and tax base to have funds to purchase land, while land was still affordable and not yet developed.
It was not necessarily an easy road. An 1865 meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota, held to discuss the idea of acquiring a central park, elicited responses like "Why do we need a park? There will never be a house south of Tenth Street." or "The whole city south of Franklin is a park."
Lovely natural features in many cities were lost to industrial development due to lack of funds or the will to preserve them. But many were indeed preserved and remain as parks today.
As cities have continued to expand, in recent decades the issues of preservation and public access have reached suburban and exurban areas as well, leading to the development of county and regional park systems.
