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Immigration since 1840
Discrimination and Reform
Discrimination and Reform

Discrimination and Reform

Investigate how American opinion and policy on immigration has shifted over time. From the Chinese Exclusion Act to the deportation of individuals through WWII to modern anti-immigrant rallies, these events and more illustrate how xenophobia has been historically rooted in racism, fear, and economic insecurity.

  • The crisis! An appeal to our countrymen, on the subject of foreign influence in the United States!

    View Full Item  in Library of Congress
  • Pamphlet on the anti-Catholic movement in the U.S., 1855

    Hutchinson, E

    An anti-Catholic tract concerning the perceived influence of civil and ecclesiastical tyrrany. Catholic pamphlet. Rare.

    View Full Item
  • Immigration: Its Evils and Consequences, 1856

    Busey, Samuel C. (Samuel Clagett), 1828-1901

    View Full Item  in Harvard University
  • Anti-Chinese riots in Seattle as illustrated in West Shore, March 1886

    Racism; Immigrants; Original art;

    View Full Item  in University of Washington
  • Book titled The Immigration Problem about the social and economic challeges posed by immigration, 1892

    Sampson, Zabdiel Sidney, 1842-1897

    At head of title: Man and the state; studies in applied sociology.

    View Full Item  in Cornell University
  • Political cartoon on Chinese labor, 1900

    View Full Item  in UC Berkeley, Bancroft Library
  • Some reasons for Chinese exclusion, 1901

    American Federation of Labor, author

    View Full Item  in UC Berkeley, Bancroft Library
  • Letter from Prescott Hall of the Immigration Restriction League to Frank P. Sargent, Commissioner General of Immigration Regarding Literacy Test for Immigrants

    Department of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 6/14/1940-3/1/2003

    View Full Item  in National Archives at Washington, DC - Textual Reference
  • Poster demanding the public to only patronize white-owned businesses, 1908

    Anti-Jap Laundry League, Author

    View Full Item  in UCLA, Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library
  • Campaign Committee of Asiatic Exclusion League of California

    Negrich, Thomas G, Author

    Flier formatted as an open letter, to call attention to the legislative records of two California assemblymen

    View Full Item  in UCLA, Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library
  • Letter from the St. Paul Trades and Labor Assembly to President William Howard Taft on immigration restrictions

    Department of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 6/14/1940-3/1/2003

    This letter asked President William Howard Taft to restrict immigration laws so that "undesirable foreign labor" would be kept out of the United States.

    View Full Item  in National Archives at Washington, DC - Textual Reference
  • Pre-Addressed Postcards to be Mailed to the President Advocating Stricter Immigration Laws, 1911

    Department of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 6/14/1940-3/1/2003

    These postcards were pre-addressed to the President, so that supporters only had to fill in their name and address. The message urges strict immigration laws against the "foreign hordes."

    View Full Item  in National Archives at Washington, DC - Textual Reference
  • Resolution by the Boise Trades and Labor Council on immigration, 1912

    Department of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 6/14/1940-3/1/2003

    This document urged the Idaho State legislature to pass restrictive immigration laws which would limit the perceived negative influence of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, as well as Asia.

    View Full Item  in National Archives at Washington, DC - Textual Reference
  • Proceedings of the Asiatic Exclusion League, 1913

    Asiatic Exclusion League

    Issues for Aug. and Nov. 1910 and Jan. 1912 not published. Includes proceedings of the <3rd, 5th-6th> annual meeting. 1905-1907 issued by the League under its earlier name: Japanese and Korean Exclusi…

    View Full Item  in University of California
  • Resolution on immigration literacy tests, 1914

    University of Iowa

    View Full Item  in Indiana University
  • Great Northern Land Company letter to Senator Miles Poindexter regarding anarchist organizations among immigrants, November 29, 1919

    Leigh, Walter E

    Walter E. Leigh, Manager of the Great Northern Land Company, writes to Senator Miles Poindexter to share his views on anarchy in the United States. Leigh writes that he supports Poindexter's anti-anar…

    View Full Item  in University of Washington
  • Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor who began a new career in Europe following anti-Japanese sentiment in the 1920s

    Hixon-Wiese, Kansas City, MO

    Sessue Hayakawa (1889-1973) achieved fame as a silent film star through his role in Cecil B. DeMille's controversial 1915 film The Cheat, which told the story of a white woman's passionate affair with…

    View Full Item  in University of Washington
  • Letter from Women of the Ku Klux Klan to President Calvin Coolidge on immigration restrictions

    Department of Labor. 1913

    This letter from Alliance Klan #1 of the Women of the Ku Klux Klan is in favor of the Johnson Immigration Bill.

    View Full Item  in National Archives at College Park - Textual Reference
  • Hearings before the House of Representatives on deportation and eugenics, 1926-1928

    United States. Congress. House. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization

    "Hearing No. 70.1.4."

    View Full Item  in University of Minnesota
  • Hearings on immigration and the exclusion and expulsion of Communists, 1932

    United States. Congress. House. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization

    View Full Item  in University of Minnesota
  • Notice to Aliens of Enemy Nationalities, 1942

    Department of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 6/14/1940-3/1/2003

    This is a Department of Justice notice directed towards aliens of German, Italian, and Japanese nationality to apply for a Certificate of Identification.

    View Full Item  in National Archives at Washington, DC - Textual Reference
  • Industrial facilities in Arizona restricted to Japanese immigrants and residents, 1943

    29th Engineer Reproduction Plant: publisher

    Map shows five close views of industrial fascilities in Yuma County, the City of Yuma, and the City of Tuscon where Japanese Americans were prohibited or restricted. Fascilities include: dams, radio s…

    View Full Item  in California State University, Dominguez Hills, Archives and Special Collections
  • Memoranda on policing German and Japanese aliens in Alaska, 1943

    Western Defense Command and Fourth Army, Wartime Civil Control Administration, Alaska Travel Control Division: publisher, Hamilton, Jay W., Operations Officer: author

    Staff Memoranda for the Alaska Travel Control Division of the Wartime Civil Control Administration. Topics include: how to address the Chiefs of Police, and procedure in handling naturalized citizens…

    View Full Item  in California State University, Dominguez Hills, Archives and Special Collections
  • Indonesian men at the immigration detention facility in San Francisco waiting to be transported to the immigration detention facility in Crystal City, Texas

    Caption found with the image reads, "After several weeks of action in the U.S. District Court, and an appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals and to the Supreme Court, an order was obtained for removal…

    View Full Item  in California State University, Dominguez Hills, Archives and Special Collections
  • Proclamation on alien registration in Maine, 1950

    Barrows, Lewis O

    Proclamation directing and requiring every subject or citizen of foreign counties to register.

    View Full Item  in Maine State Archives
  • Letter to a Dallas newspaper, detailing the author‰Ûªs opposition to immigrant labor

    Idar, Eduardo, Jr

    Onionskin carbon copy of press statement and telegram from Ed Idar, Jr., State Chairman, American GI Forum of Texas, to E. M. Dealey, Publisher of the Dallas Morning News, with handwritten date of 195…

    View Full Item  in Houston Metropolitan Research Center at Houston Public Library
  • Illustration of attempts to block the immigration of Japanese picture brides

    Sugimoto, Henry

    Signed in medium, upper right corner: H. Sugimoto Stretched and framed. Formerly stapled to paintings 92.97.120-.124. Man in foreground in blue overalls sits at a table with his back to the viewer loo…

    View Full Item  in Japanese American National Museum
  • KKK March in San Antonio calling for the deportation of immigrants, 1983

    KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)

    Video footage from the WBAP-TV station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story by reporter Larry Butcher about a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) march in San Antonio, Texas where the group called for the c…

    View Full Item  in UNT Libraries Special Collections
  • Dallas anti-immigrant protester with American flag

    Castillo, José L

    A protester at a Dallas anti-immigration march holds an American flag. Around 500 people congregated on the outskirts of Dallas to protest against amnesty for undocumented immigrants. Led by the group…

    View Full Item  in UNT Libraries Special Collections
  • Illustration satirizing U.S. policy on Latin American refugees, 2013

    Y Singer

    St. Lawrence University: Street Art Graphics; This political cartoon illustrates the damage and social instability that intervention by the United States in Latin American politics and government has…

    View Full Item  in St. Lawrence University
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Immigration since 1840
Discrimination and Reform

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